Kentledge Load Test
Test reference Standard: ASTM D1143/D1143M – Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundation Elements Under Static Axial Compressive Load
ABOUT THE TEST
The Static Axial Compressive Load Test is the industry’s benchmark method for determining the axial capacity and performance of deep foundation elements. Conducted in accordance with ASTM D1143/D1143M – Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundation Elements Under Static Axial Compressive Load, the test measures the settlement response of piles, drilled shafts, or barrettes when subjected to controlled vertical loads.
This procedure provides critical data on ultimate load capacity, load-settlement behavior, and serviceability limits, enabling engineers to validate design assumptions and ensure long-term structural reliability. The test setup typically involves a reaction system (kentledge or reaction piles), precision instrumentation to measure displacement, and incremental application of compressive loads until service or ultimate criteria are achieved.
At Geolutions, we manage the entire process — from instrumentation and monitoring to data interpretation, QP endorsement, and post-test discussions — under our SAC-SINGLAS accreditation in the ISO/IEC 17025 Scheme. This ensures that every test is conducted with traceable quality assurance, accurate inclinometer monitoring, and full accountability.
By combining accredited instrumentation, customized engineering design, and end-to-end in-house control, Geolutions delivers dependable, audit-ready results that clients can trust for safe foundation design and long-term performance.
Instrumentation such as tell-tale extensometers and vibrating wire strain gauges are typically installed to monitor pile movement and strain throughout the test. This method is well-suited for cast in-situ deep foundation elements such as bored piles, as well as for barrette piles.
Table 1 - Joint BCA/IES/ACES/GEOSS circular 2016 - Requirements on ground investigation, load test and quality control test for foundations of building of 10storeys or more
The Building and Construction Authority (BCA) mandates that for buildings with ten storeys or more, both Ultimate Load Tests (ULTs) and Working Load Tests (WLTs) must be conducted as part of the pile testing schedule, and these tests can be effectively carried out using Kentledge method. According to the requirements, ULTs must be performed on at least one pile or 0.5% of the total number of working piles, whichever is greater. Similarly, WLTs must be conducted on at least two piles, or 1% of the total number of working piles, or one pile for every 50 metres of the proposed building’s height—again, whichever of these criteria results in the greater number of tests.
DESIGN AND SETUP OF KENTLEDGE SYSTEM
The Kentledge Method relies on a carefully engineered reaction system to apply static axial compressive loads. At Geolutions, our in-house technical team undertakes the full design and calculation of the test beams and reaction frame, ensuring that the system is structurally sound and tailored to the specific site conditions and resource constraints of each client.
A critical component of the setup is the foundation design supporting the kentledge system. We design robust support platforms capable of safely bearing the stacked weights and transferring loads through the test beams into the pile under load test. This includes detailed analysis of soil bearing capacity, stability checks against overturning or sliding, and reinforcement of the support structure to guarantee safety and accuracy during testing.
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All steel beams, connections, and supports have their designs reviewed and approved by our technical team to ensure structural integrity. The load transfer system is repeatedly checked and verified before testing, ensuring that every component performs reliably under high compressive forces.
By combining accredited monitoring, rigorous engineering design, and end-to-end in-house control, Geolutions delivers kentledge load tests that are safe, precise, and audit-ready, giving clients confidence in both the test results and the long-term performance of their foundations.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Ultimate Load Tests (ULTs) are critical milestones in any project, as piling and foundation works can only proceed upon successful test results. The Kentledge Method involves applying static axial compressive loads using a carefully designed reaction system of test beams and stacked weights. Because the test directly determines the ultimate capacity of the foundation element, there is no margin for error — every stage must be executed with precision.
At Geolutions, we uphold the highest standards in the design, fabrication, and execution of our kentledge load test systems. Our in-house technical team undertakes the full design and calculation of the kentledge structural setup, tailoring the system to site conditions and resource constraints. Prior to testing, the reaction frame and hydraulic line undergo repeated checks and pressure verification to confirm that every element is uncompromised.
Hydraulic Jacks and its paired pressure gauges are calibrated together at a SAC-Singlas Accredited Laboratory. Over the years, our extensive experience in conducting kentledge load tests has allowed us to refine our Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), enabling us to anticipate and overcome unforeseen challenges with confidence.
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At Geolutions, we are experienced, meticulous, and always prepared — delivering accurate, reliable, and audit-ready results that clients can trust for safe foundation design and long-term performanc